Ideal solutions are those that follow Raoult’s law, where the interactions between molecules of different components are the same as in their pure state. They have zero enthalpy change and obey Raoult’s law. On the other hand, non-ideal solutions do not follow Raoult’s law, have different forces of interactions, and their volume is not equal to the sum of individual volumes of components. Examples of ideal solutions include benzene-toluene and chlorobenzene-bromobenzene, while non-ideal solutions exhibit deviations from Raoult’s law and have different enthalpy changes.
What are ideal solutions?
Ideal solutions are those that obey Raoult’s law, where the forces of interactions between the molecules of different components are the same as when they were in the pure state.
What are non-ideal solutions?
Non-ideal solutions are those where the volume of the solution is not equal to the sum of the individual volumes of the components, and they do not follow Raoult’s law.
Explain positive deviations in non-ideal solutions.
In non-ideal solutions with positive deviations, the vapour pressure curve shows a maximum, leading to a higher boiling point than predicted by Raoult’s law.
Describe negative deviations in non-ideal solutions.
Non-ideal solutions with negative deviations have a vapour pressure curve showing a minimum, resulting in a lower boiling point than expected based on Raoult’s law.
How can Raoult’s law help us understand the ideality of a solution?
Raoult’s law serves as a criterion to check the ideality of a solution; if a solution obeys Raoult’s law, it is considered ideal.
What defines an ideal solution?
a) Volume of solution equals sum of individual volumes
b) Heat of solution is zero
c) Obeys Raoult’s law
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Which criterion helps in checking the ideality of a solution?
a) Raoult’s law
b) Henry’s law
c) Boyle’s law
d) Charles’s law
Answer: a) Raoult’s law
What characterizes non-ideal solutions?
a) Volume of solution equals sum of individual volumes
b) Heat of solution is zero
c) Does not obey Raoult’s law
d) All of the above
Answer: c) Does not obey Raoult’s law
What is a key feature of non-ideal solutions?
a) Follow Raoult’s law
b) Volume of solution equals sum of individual volumes
c) Heat of solution is zero
d) None of the above
Answer: d) None of the above
Which type of solutions show positive and negative deviations?
a) Ideal solutions
b) Non-ideal solutions
c) Azeotropic solutions
d) Zeotropic solutions
Answer: b) Non-ideal solutions