Transistors are semiconductor devices that act as electronic switches or amplifiers, playing a crucial role in modern electronics. They consist of three layers of semiconductor material, typically arranged in either p-n-p or n-p-n configurations, which allow them to control the flow of electrical current. By applying a small input current to the base terminal, a larger current can be controlled between the collector and emitter terminals, enabling transistors to amplify signals or switch them on and off. This functionality makes transistors fundamental components in various applications, including computers, radios, and other electronic devices, where they are used for signal processing, amplification, and digital logic operations. Their ability to integrate into compact circuits has revolutionized technology, leading to the development of microprocessors and integrated circuits
What is a transistor?
A transistor is a semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power, consisting of three layers of semiconductor material.
What are the two main types of transistors?
The two main types of transistors are bipolar junction transistors (BJT), which include n-p-n and p-n-p configurations, and field-effect transistors (FET), such as MOSFETs.
How does a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) operate?
A BJT operates by using a small input current at the base terminal to control a larger current flowing between the collector and emitter terminals.
What is the function of the base terminal in a BJT?
The base terminal in a BJT controls the flow of current between the collector and emitter, allowing the transistor to function as an amplifier or switch.
What is the significance of the current gain (β) in a transistor?
The current gain (β) is a measure of how much the input current at the base is amplified in the collector current, indicating the efficiency of the transistor.
What are the two main types of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs)?
a) N-channel and P-channel
b) N-p-n and P-n-p
c) P-type and N-type
d) MOSFET and JFET
Answer: b) N-p-n and P-n-p
What is the primary function of a transistor in electronic circuits?
a) To store energy
b) To amplify or switch electronic signals
c) To convert AC to DC
d) To emit light
Answer: b) To amplify or switch electronic signals
In a BJT, which terminal is used to control the current flow?
a) Collector
b) Emitter
c) Base
d) Ground
Answer: c) Base
What is the current gain (β) of a transistor?
a) The ratio of collector current to base current
b) The ratio of emitter current to collector current
c) The voltage across the collector
d) The resistance of the base
Answer: a) The ratio of collector current to base current
Which of the following statements is true about a transistor in saturation?
a) It is fully off
b) It allows maximum current to flow
c) It operates in the active region
d) It has no current flowing through it
Answer: b) It allows maximum current to flow