Fluid flow refers to the movement of liquids and gases, characterized by the behavior of fluid particles as they navigate through various environments, such as pipes or open spaces. It can be classified into two main types: laminar flow, where fluid particles move in parallel layers with minimal disruption, and turbulent flow, which is chaotic and irregular, with mixing of fluid layers. The study of fluid flow involves key principles such as the equation of continuity, which states that the mass flow rate must remain constant in a closed system, and Bernoulli's equation, which relates the pressure, velocity, and height of a fluid in motion. Understanding fluid flow is crucial in various applications, including engineering, aerodynamics, and blood circulation in biological systems
What is fluid flow?
Fluid flow refers to the movement of liquids and gases, characterized by the behavior of fluid particles as they navigate through different environments, such as pipes or open spaces.
What are the two main types of fluid flow?
The two main types of fluid flow are laminar flow, where fluid particles move in parallel layers with minimal disruption, and turbulent flow, which is chaotic and irregular, with mixing of fluid layers.
What is the equation of continuity?
The equation of continuity states that for an incompressible fluid flowing through a pipe, the product of the cross-sectional area and the fluid velocity at any two points must be constant (A1v1 = A2v2).
How does viscosity affect fluid flow?
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to deformation and flow. Higher viscosity results in greater internal friction, leading to slower flow rates and increased drag on objects moving through the fluid.
What is terminal velocity?
Terminal velocity is the maximum constant velocity of an object falling through a fluid, reached when the force of gravity is balanced by the drag force acting on the object.
What type of flow is characterized by smooth, parallel layers of fluid?
a) Turbulent flow
b) Laminar flow
c) Transitional flow
d) Compressible flow
Answer: b) Laminar flow
Which equation describes the conservation of mass in fluid flow?
a) Bernoulli's equation
b) Equation of continuity
c) Navier-Stokes equation
d) Ideal gas law
Answer: b) Equation of continuity
What happens to the pressure of a fluid as its velocity increases, according to Bernoulli's principle?
a) Pressure increases
b) Pressure decreases
c) Pressure remains constant
d) Pressure fluctuates
Answer: b) Pressure decreases
Which of the following factors does NOT affect drag force on a sphere moving through a fluid?
a) Radius of the sphere
b) Density of the fluid
c) Speed of the sphere
d) Color of the sphere
Answer: d) Color of the sphere
What is the term for the maximum velocity an object reaches while falling through a fluid?
a) Critical velocity
b) Terminal velocity
c) Average velocity
d) Instantaneous velocity
Answer: b) Terminal velocity