The structure of benzene is characterized by its unique hexagonal ring composed of six carbon atoms, each bonded to one hydrogen atom, resulting in the molecular formula C₆H₆. Each carbon atom in benzene is sp² hybridized, forming three sigma bonds: two with adjacent carbon atoms and one with a hydrogen atom, while the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps to create a delocalized π-electron cloud above and below the plane of the ring. This delocalization imparts significant stability to benzene, making it less reactive than alkenes and leading to its classification as an aromatic compound. The equal bond lengths in benzene, which are intermediate between single and double bonds, further support the concept of resonance, where the electrons are shared across the entire ring rather than localized between specific carbon atoms.
What is the molecular formula of benzene?
The molecular formula of benzene is C₆H₆.
Describe the bond angles in the benzene ring.
The bond angles in the benzene ring are approximately 120 degrees, confirming its planar hexagonal structure.
What is the significance of the delocalized π-electron cloud in benzene?
The delocalized π-electron cloud contributes to the stability of benzene, making it less reactive than alkenes and allowing it to maintain its aromatic character.
How does the structure of benzene differ from that of alkenes?
Unlike alkenes, which have localized double bonds, benzene has a resonance structure with delocalized electrons, resulting in equal bond lengths that are intermediate between single and double bonds.
What is the resonance hybrid model in relation to benzene?
The resonance hybrid model represents benzene as a combination of multiple contributing structures (Kekulé structures), indicating that the actual structure is a blend of these forms rather than a single fixed arrangement.
What is the molecular formula of benzene?
a) C₆H₆
b) C₇H₈
c) C₅H₆
d) C₆H₅
Answer: a) C₆H₆
Which type of hybridization is present in the carbon atoms of benzene?
a) sp
b) sp²
c) sp³
d) d²sp³
Answer: b) sp²
What is the bond angle between the carbon-hydrogen bonds in benzene?
a) 90°
b) 109.5°
c) 120°
d) 180°
Answer: c) 120°
Which of the following best describes the nature of the bonds in benzene?
a) All single bonds
b) All double bonds
c) Alternating single and double bonds
d) Delocalized π bonds
Answer: d) Delocalized π bonds
Which of the following structures represents the resonance hybrid of benzene?
a) A single structure with alternating double bonds
b) A structure with a complete circle inside the hexagon
c) A linear structure
d) A structure with all single bonds
Answer: b) A structure with a complete circle inside the hexagon