The reactivity of the carboxylic group (-COOH) is primarily influenced by its dual functional nature, comprising both a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH). This unique structure allows carboxylic acids to participate in a variety of chemical reactions, including acid-base reactions, esterification, and nucleophilic acyl substitution. The acidic hydrogen atom of the carboxyl group can be easily released, making carboxylic acids behave as weak acids. Additionally, the carbonyl carbon is electrophilic, making it susceptible to nucleophilic attack, which is a key feature in the formation of derivatives such as esters, amides, and anhydrides. Overall, the reactivity of the carboxylic group is essential for its role in organic synthesis and biochemical processes.
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
The functional group of carboxylic acids is the carboxyl group, represented as -COOH.
How does the carboxylic group behave in acid-base reactions?
The carboxylic group can donate a proton (H⁺) due to the acidic hydrogen atom, allowing it to act as a weak acid in reactions with bases.
What type of reaction occurs when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?
When a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol, an esterification reaction occurs, producing an ester and water.
What is the effect of the carbonyl group in the carboxylic group on its reactivity?
The carbonyl group (C=O) is electrophilic, making it susceptible to nucleophilic attack, which is crucial for the formation of various carboxylic acid derivatives.
What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia?
When a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia, it forms an ammonium salt, which can further dehydrate to produce an amide.
What is the functional group present in carboxylic acids?
a) Hydroxyl group
b) Carbonyl group
c) Carboxyl group
d) Amino group
Answer: c) Carboxyl group
Which of the following reactions involves the carboxyl group?
a) Esterification
b) Halogenation
c) Alkylation
d) Nitration
Answer: a) Esterification
Carboxylic acids can be reduced to which of the following compounds?
a) Aldehydes
b) Alcohols
c) Ketones
d) Alkenes
Answer: b) Alcohols
Which reagent is commonly used to reduce carboxylic acids to alkanes?
a) Lithium aluminium hydride
b) Sodium borohydride
c) Hydrogen iodide and red phosphorus
d) Potassium permanganate
Answer: c) Hydrogen iodide and red phosphorus
What type of reaction occurs when carboxylic acids are heated with soda lime?
a) Decarboxylation
b) Esterification
c) Hydrolysis
d) Oxidation
Answer: a) Decarboxylation