In the topic of Solutions of Liquids in Liquids, it is discussed how certain liquids can dissolve into one another up to a limited extent, leading to partially miscible liquids. For example, ether dissolves water to about 1.2%, and water dissolves ether up to about 6.5%. These solutions form conjugate solutions where each liquid layer is a saturated solution of the other liquid, and they can be affected by temperature changes.
What are completely miscible liquids?
Completely miscible liquids mix in all proportions, like alcohol and water or alcohol and ether. The properties of such solutions are not strictly additive, and they can usually be separated by fractional distillation.
Provide an example of partially miscible liquids.
An example of partially miscible liquids is the ether-water system, where ether dissolves in water up to about 1.2%, and water dissolves in ether up to about 6.5%.
Explain the concept of conjugate solutions.
Conjugate solutions are formed when partially miscible liquids are shaken together, resulting in two layers, each being a saturated solution of the other liquid. These solutions have limited mutual solubilities.
What are ideal solutions in liquid-liquid mixtures?
Ideal solutions are those that obey Raoult’s law. Examples of ideal solution forming liquid pairs include benzene-toluene, benzene-ether, and chlorobenzene-bromobenzene.
Differentiate between ideal and non-ideal solutions.
Ideal solutions follow Raoult’s law, while non-ideal solutions do not. Ideal solutions have predictable vapor pressures based on the mole fractions of the components, whereas non-ideal solutions deviate from this behavior.
What type of solutions are formed when alcohol and water mix in all proportions?
a) Ideal solutions
b) Non-ideal solutions
c) Partially miscible solutions
d) Conjugate solutions
Answer: a) Ideal solutions
Which of the following is an example of partially miscible liquids?
a) Alcohol and water
b) Benzene and toluene
c) Ether and water
d) Water and benzene
Answer: c) Ether and water
What happens to the volume when completely miscible liquids are mixed?
a) Volume always decreases
b) Volume always increases
c) Volume remains the same
d) Volume varies depending on the liquids
Answer: a) Volume always decreases
Which of the following is true about the properties of completely miscible liquids?
a) Properties are strictly additive
b) Heat is always absorbed during mixing
c) Can be separated by filtration
d) Properties are not strictly additive
Answer: d) Properties are not strictly additive
What happens when equal volumes of water and ether are shaken together?
a) A single layer is formed
b) Two layers are formed
c) A gas is produced
d) A solid precipitate forms
Answer: b) Two layers are formed