The state of chemical equilibrium occurs when a reversible reaction has been allowed to proceed for a sufficient amount of time under constant conditions, resulting in no further change in the composition of the reaction mixture. At this point, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, leading to a dynamic equilibrium where both reactions continue to occur simultaneously but at the same rate. This state can persist indefinitely if the system remains undisturbed, and the concentrations of reactants and products reach constant values known as equilibrium concentrations
What is the state of chemical equilibrium?
The state of chemical equilibrium occurs when a reversible reaction has been allowed to proceed for a sufficient amount of time under constant conditions, resulting in no further change in the composition of the reaction mixture. At this point, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, leading to a dynamic equilibrium where both reactions continue to occur simultaneously at the same rate.
How is the equilibrium concentration defined?
The equilibrium concentrations are the constant concentrations of reactants and products in a reaction mixture at equilibrium.
What happens to the reaction mixture when a reversible reaction reaches equilibrium?
When a reversible reaction reaches equilibrium, there is no further change in the composition of the reaction mixture, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
What is meant by dynamic equilibrium?
Dynamic equilibrium refers to the condition in a reversible reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur simultaneously at exactly the same rate, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.
Can the state of chemical equilibrium be disturbed?
Yes, the state of chemical equilibrium can be disturbed by changes in concentration, temperature, or pressure, which can shift the equilibrium position according to Le Chatelier's principle.
Which factor can disturb the state of chemical equilibrium?
a) Constant temperature
b) Change in concentration
c) Constant pressure
d) No change in volume
Answer: b) Change in concentration
What happens to the equilibrium position when temperature increases in an endothermic reaction?
a) It shifts to the left
b) It shifts to the right
c) It remains unchanged
d) It ceases to exist
Answer: b) It shifts to the right
What is the equilibrium constant?
a) A measure of the speed of a reaction
b) A ratio of concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium
c) A constant value that is always zero
d) A measure of the temperature of the reaction
Answer: b) A ratio of concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium
Which of the following is true about reactions at equilibrium?
a) The concentrations of reactants and products are always equal
b) The reaction has stopped completely
c) The forward and reverse reactions continue to occur
d) Only the forward reaction occurs
Answer: c) The forward and reverse reactions continue to occur
What effect does a catalyst have on a reaction at equilibrium?
a) It changes the equilibrium position
b) It increases the time to reach equilibrium
c) It does not alter the equilibrium position
d) It decreases the concentration of products
Answer: c) It does not alter the equilibrium position