Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom to form an ion. It serves as a qualitative measure of the stability of an isolated atom, with factors such as atomic radius, nuclear charge, and shielding effect influencing the ionization energies of atoms. In the periodic table, ionization energies increase from left to right in a period due to the increase in proton number, while in groups, the ionization energy decreases despite the increase in nuclear charge, mainly because of the increasing distance between the valence electrons and the nucleus. Ionization energy also plays a role in determining the metallic character of elements, with low ionization energies associated with metals and high ionization energies with non-metals.
What is ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom to form an ion.
How does ionization energy vary in the periodic table?
Ionization energies increase from left to right in a period due to the increase in the proton number, until a maximum value is reached at the end of the period.
What factors influence ionization energies?
Ionization energies depend on factors such as atomic radius, nuclear charge, shielding effect of inner electrons, and the nature of the orbital.
How is the second ionization energy defined?
The energy required to remove an electron after the removal of the first electron is called the second ionization energy.
What does a higher ionization energy indicate about an element?
Higher ionization energies indicate non-metallic character, while lower ionization energies are characteristic of metals.
How does the valency of an element relate to its ionization energies?
a) Higher ionization energy indicates higher valency
b) Lower ionization energy indicates higher valency
c) No relation between ionization energy and valency
d) Valency is determined by atomic radius
Answer: b) Lower ionization energy indicates higher valency
What is the significance of ionization energy in determining metallic character?
a) Higher ionization energy indicates a more metallic character
b) Lower ionization energy indicates a more metallic character
c) Ionization energy is not related to metallic character
d) Metallic character is determined by atomic mass
Answer: b) Lower ionization energy indicates a more metallic character
What does a sufficient gap between first and second ionization energies indicate?
a) The element is a metal
b) The element shows a valency of one
c) The element is a non-metal
d) The element is a metalloid
Answer: b) The element shows a valency of one
How does the number of electrons to be removed affect ionization energy values?
a) It has no effect on ionization energy
b) More electrons to be removed, higher the ionization energy
c) More electrons to be removed, lower the ionization energy
d) It depends on the atomic mass of the element
Answer: b) More electrons to be removed, higher the ionization energy
How does the shielding effect of inner electrons influence ionization energy?
a) Increases ionization energy
b) Decreases ionization energy
c) Has no effect on ionization energy
d) Causes ionization energy to fluctuate
Answer: b) Decreases ionization energy