In the process of bond formation, atoms come together to form bonds which results in a decrease in energy. This decrease in energy occurs as a result of the forces of attraction and repulsion operating simultaneously between the atoms. The modern theory of chemical bonding explains that when two atoms, such as hydrogen atoms, approach each other, energy is released as bonds are formed.
What is the main concept behind the energetics of bond formation?
Atoms form bonds to achieve a more stable state with lower energy levels.
How is bond energy defined in relation to bond formation?
Bond energy is the average energy required to break a specific type of bond in one mole of a substance.
Explain the relationship between bond energy and breaking/formation of bonds.
Energy is released when bonds are formed and absorbed when bonds are broken, with bond energy representing this process.
What is the significance of bond enthalpy in chemical reactions?
Bond enthalpy, or bond energy, plays a crucial role in determining the overall energy changes in chemical reactions.
How is bond enthalpy measured experimentally?
Bond enthalpy is determined experimentally by measuring the heat involved in a chemical reaction.
Which of the following is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from its gaseous atom to form an ion?
a) Electron affinity
b) Electronegativity
c) Ionization energy
d) Bond energy
Answer: c) Ionization energy
What is the energy given out when an electron is added to a gaseous atom?
a) Ionization energy
b) Electronegativity
c) Electron affinity
d) Bond energy
Answer: c) Electron affinity
Which of the following is the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons to itself?
a) Ionization energy
b) Electronegativity
c) Electron affinity
d) Bond energy
Answer: b) Electronegativity
Which type of bond is formed by mutual sharing of electrons between combining atoms?
a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Metallic bond
d) Coordinate covalent bond
Answer: b) Covalent bond
When do atoms form bonds according to the modern theory of chemical bonding?
a) When forces of attraction operate
b) When forces of repulsion operate
c) When there is no change in energy
d) When it leads to a decrease in energy
Answer: d) When it leads to a decrease in energy