Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces

Overview

Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces are weak attractive forces that exist between polar and non-polar molecules. In these forces, the positive end of a polar molecule attracts the mobile electrons of a nearby non-polar molecule, inducing polarity in the non-polar molecule. This interaction results in both molecules becoming dipoles, leading to a temporary attraction known as dipole-induced dipole forces or Debye forces.

Questions and Answers

  1. What are Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces?

    Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces are intermolecular forces that occur between a polar molecule and a non-polar molecule when the positive end of the polar molecule attracts the mobile electrons of the nearby non-polar molecule, inducing polarity in the non-polar molecule.

  2. How do Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces work?

    In Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces, the positive end of a polar molecule attracts the electrons of a nearby non-polar molecule, causing the non-polar molecule to become a temporary dipole. This interaction results in a weak force of attraction between the two molecules.

  3. Are Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces stronger than Dipole-Dipole Forces?

    Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces are generally weaker than Dipole-Dipole Forces, which involve interactions between polar molecules with permanent dipoles.

  4. Which molecules exhibit Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces?

    Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces can be observed in mixtures of substances containing both polar and non-polar molecules, where the polar molecules induce polarity in the non-polar ones.

  5. Do Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces affect physical properties of substances?

    Yes, Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces play a role in determining physical properties such as boiling points, melting points, and solubility of substances due to the interactions between polar and non-polar molecules.

Multiple-Choice Questions

  1. What type of intermolecular forces are Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces?

    a) London dispersion forces
    b) Hydrogen bonding
    c) Ion-dipole interactions
    d) Dipole-dipole forces
    Answer: a) London dispersion forces

  2. Which forces are responsible for inducing polarity in non-polar molecules?

    a) Hydrogen bonding
    b) Ion-dipole interactions
    c) London dispersion forces
    d) Dipole-induced dipole forces
    Answer: d) Dipole-induced dipole forces

  3. What happens when the positive end of a polar molecule attracts the mobile electrons of a nearby non-polar molecule?

    a) Hydrogen bonding occurs
    b) Ion-dipole interactions form
    c) Polarity is induced in the non-polar molecule
    d) Dipole-dipole forces strengthen
    Answer: c) Polarity is induced in the non-polar molecule

  4. Which physicist offered a simple explanation for the weak attractive forces between non-polar molecules?

    a) Fritz London
    b) Albert Einstein
    c) Marie Curie
    d) Isaac Newton
    Answer: a) Fritz London

  5. Which type of forces operate among non-polar molecules like helium, neon, argon, chlorine, and methane?

    a) Hydrogen bonding
    b) Dipole-dipole forces
    c) London dispersion forces
    d) Ion-dipole interactions
    Answer: c) London dispersion forces