Recombinant DNA is a technology that involves combining DNA from two different sources to create a new DNA molecule. This process typically includes selecting a vector, such as a plasmid, to introduce the recombinant DNA into a host cell. The gene of interest, along with the vector, is then introduced into an expression system to produce a specific product. This technology has enabled the production of various biotechnology products like insulin, human growth hormone, and vaccines.
What is the process for preparing recombinant DNA?
To prepare recombinant DNA, the plasmid is cut with the same enzyme used for isolating the gene of interest. The gene of interest is then joined with the sticky ends produced after cutting the plasmid using DNA ligase.
What is the role of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?
DNA ligase is a special enzyme that seals the foreign piece of DNA into the vector. It joins the gene of interest with the plasmid after cutting, creating recombinant DNA.
How are different pieces of DNA joined together in recombinant DNA?
After cutting the plasmid and isolating the gene of interest, DNA ligase helps join the two different pieces of DNA together, forming recombinant DNA or chimeric DNA.
What is the significance of recombinant DNA technology in biotechnology?
Recombinant DNA technology, also known as genetic engineering, aims to synthesize DNA from two different sources. It is crucial for producing desired substances like insulin and other biotechnology products.
How is recombinant DNA used in the production of insulin?
Recombinant DNA technology is utilized to insert the gene for insulin production into bacteria. These genetically modified bacteria then produce insulin in large quantities for medical use.
What is the purpose of using a vector in recombinant DNA technology?
a) To cut DNA strands
b) To introduce foreign DNA into a host cell
c) To amplify DNA segments
d) To identify specific genes
Answer: b) To introduce foreign DNA into a host cell
Which enzyme is responsible for sealing the foreign DNA into the vector during recombinant DNA preparation?
a) Restriction enzyme
b) DNA ligase
c) Polymerase
d) Helicase
Answer: b) DNA ligase
What is the main goal of producing recombinant DNA?
a) To create genetically identical organisms
b) To synthesize DNA from two different sources
c) To produce large quantities of a specific gene
d) To identify disease-causing genes
Answer: c) To produce large quantities of a specific gene
Which term describes organisms with a foreign gene inserted into them?
a) Transgenic organisms
b) Mutant organisms
c) Hybrid organisms
d) Cloned organisms
Answer: a) Transgenic organisms
What is the role of a plasmid in recombinant DNA technology?
a) To amplify DNA segments
b) To locate specific genes
c) To introduce foreign DNA into a host cell
d) To carry the gene of interest
Answer: d) To carry the gene of interest