Recombinant DNA technology involves the insertion of DNA from two different sources into a vector, such as a plasmid or a virus. Once introduced into a host cell, the recombinant DNA directs the cell to produce a specific product, such as a protein or enzyme. This process allows for the mass production of desired substances, like human insulin or antibodies, by genetically modified organisms.
What is a clone in the context of recombinant DNA technology?
A clone refers to a large number of molecules, cells, or organisms that are identical to an original specimen in the context of recombinant DNA technology.
How are plasmids and viruses used as vectors for cloning genes?
Plasmids and viruses are used as vectors for cloning genes by carrying the gene of interest into a host cell, where it can be reproduced and expressed.
What is the role of bacterial cells in the cloning process?
Bacterial cells play a crucial role in the cloning process by taking up recombinant plasmids or viral DNA, reproducing, and forming bacterial clones that contain the gene of interest.
How is recombinant DNA technology used to produce biotechnology products?
Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce biotechnology products by genetically engineering bacteria, plants, and animals to express foreign genes that code for specific proteins or substances.
What is the significance of DNA sequencing in the context of recombinant DNA technology?
DNA sequencing is crucial in recombinant DNA technology as it allows for the identification and analysis of genes, enabling researchers to understand genetic structures and functions.
What is a clone in the context of recombinant DNA technology?
a) A single DNA molecule
b) A large number of identical molecules or cells
c) A genetically modified organism
d) A protein product
Answer: b) A large number of identical molecules or cells
Which enzyme is used to seal the foreign DNA into the vector during the creation of recombinant DNA?
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA ligase
c) DNA helicase
d) DNA ligase
Answer: d) DNA ligase
What is the purpose of using plasmids or viral DNA as vectors in gene cloning?
a) To increase the size of the gene
b) To make the gene more stable
c) To introduce the gene into a host cell
d) To amplify the gene expression
Answer: c) To introduce the gene into a host cell
How are bacterial clones formed in recombinant DNA technology?
a) By using RNA interference
b) By treating cells with calcium chloride
c) By isolating genes from mRNA
d) By using reverse transcriptase
Answer: b) By treating cells with calcium chloride
What is the main goal of the Human Genome Project?
a) To create transgenic animals
b) To produce genetically modified plants
c) To sequence and map all human genes
d) To develop gene therapy for animals
Answer: c) To sequence and map all human genes